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17 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 25
Chloroplast-Specific in Vivo Ca 2+ Imaging Using Yellow Cameleon Fluorescent Protein Sensors Reveals Organelle-Autonomous Ca 2+ Signatures in the Stroma

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Giovanna Loro, Stephan Wagner, Fabrizio Gandolfo Doccula, Smrutisanjita Behera, Stefan Weinl, Joerg Kudla, Markus Schwarzländer, Alex Costa, Michela Zottini

Date Published: 2nd Aug 2016

Publication Type: Journal

Pyruvate kinase: Function, regulation and role in cancer.

Abstract (Expand)

Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis and plays a role in regulating cell metabolism. There are four mammalian … pyruvate kinase isoforms with unique tissue expression patterns and regulatory properties. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) supports anabolic metabolism and is expressed both in cancer and normal tissue. The enzymatic activity of PKM2 is allosterically regulated by both intracellular signaling pathways and metabolites; PKM2 thus integrates signaling and metabolic inputs to modulate glucose metabolism according to the needs of the cell. Recent advances have increased our understanding of metabolic regulation by pyruvate kinase, raised new questions, and suggested the possibility of non-canonical PKM2 functions to regulate gene expression and cell cycle progression via protein-protein interactions and protein kinase activity. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of pyruvate kinase and discuss how these properties enable regulation of PKM2 for cell proliferation and tumor growth.

Authors: W. J. Israelsen, M. G. Vander Heiden

Date Published: 17th Aug 2015

Publication Type: Journal

The role of the anterior lateral eyes in the vision-based behaviour of jumping spiders

Abstract (Expand)

SUMMARY Jumping spiders, or salticids, sample their environment using a combination of two types of eyes. The forward-facing pair of ‘principal’ eyes have narrow fields of view, but exceptional spatial …w, but exceptional spatial resolution, while the two or three pairs of ‘secondary’ eyes have wide fields of view and function especially well as motion analysers. Motion detected by the secondary eyes may elicit an orienting response, whereupon the object of interest is examined further using the high-acuity principal eyes. The anterior lateral (AL) eyes are particularly interesting, as they are the only forward-facing pair of secondary eyes. In this study, we aimed to determine characteristics of stimuli that elicit orienting responses mediated by the AL eyes. After covering all eyes except the AL eyes, we measured orienting responses to dot stimuli that varied in size and contrast, and moved at different speeds. We found that all stimulus parameters had significant effects on orientation propensity. When tethered flies were used as prey, we found that visual information from the AL eyes alone was sufficient to elicit stalking behaviour. These results suggest that, in terms of overall visual processing, the relevance of spatial vision in the AL eyes has been underestimated in the literature. Our results also show that female spiders are significantly more responsive than males. We found that hunger caused similar increases in orientation propensity in the two sexes, but females responded more often than males both when sated and when hungry. A higher propensity by females to orient toward moving objects may be related to females tending to experience higher nutritional demands than males.

Authors: Daniel B. Zurek, Alan J. Taylor, Christopher S. Evans, Ximena J. Nelson

Date Published: 15th Jul 2010

Publication Type: Journal

The Synthesis Rates of Total Liver Protein and Plasma Albumin Determined Simultaneously In Vivo In Humans

Abstract (Expand)

Although the metabolism of liver–derived plasma proteins such as albumin has been extensively studied, human hepatic protein synthesis as a whole has not been well characterized, because a reproducible … a whole has not been well characterized, because a reproducible model for obtaining human liver tissue has not been available. In this study, the fractional synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin in vivo were determined simultaneously in nine subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. l–[2H5]phenylalanine (45 mg/kg body wt) was administered for 10 minutes intravenously. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals for 90 minutes and a liver biopsy specimen was taken at 35 ± 7 minutes. The enrichments of plasma free phenylalanine, plasma albumin, and total liver protein were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of total liver protein was 24.7 ± 3.1 %/d (mean ± SD), and that of albumin was 5.9 ±1.2%/d. The amount of albumin synthesized per day (absolute synthesis rate, ASR) was 109 ± 21 mg/kg body wt. No correlation between FSR of total liver protein and ASR of albumin was found. It is concluded that the technique of obtaining liver tissue specimens during laparoscopic surgery may serve as a human in vivo model to study total liver protein synthesis. The fractional synthesis rate of total liver proteins (stationary and exported), equals approximately 25% of the liver protein content daily. Within the range of values of this study, the absolute synthesis rate of albumin was not correlated to the fractional synthesis rate of total liver protein.

Authors: H. Barle, B. Nyberg, P. Essén, K. Andersson, M. A. McNurlan, J. Wernerman, P. J. Garlick

Date Published: 1997

Publication Type: Journal

A new granulation method for compressed tablets [proceedings].

Abstract

Not specified

Author: M. H. Rubinstein

Date Published: 1st Dec 1976

Publication Type: Journal

A new granulation method for compressed tablets [proceedings].

Abstract

Not specified

Author: M. H. Rubinstein

Date Published: 1st Dec 1976

Publication Type: Journal

Change in the kinetics of sulphacetamide tissue distribution in Walker tumor-bearing rats.

Abstract (Expand)

The effect of Walker tumor on sulphacetamide distribution was studied in rats 21 days after tumor implantation in a hind leg. After oral administration of sulphacetamide (5 and 20 min), the concentration … of the drug was found to be lower in the plasma and liver of tumor-bearing rats when compared with that of control group. However, 90 min after sulphacetamide administration, the concentration of the drug in these same tissues was found to be higher in tumor-bearing rats than in control animals. Whereas the tumor had no apparent effect on sulphacetamide concentration in the brain, drug concentrations in the fat tissue of tumor-bearing rats were constantly higher than those of control animals. These changes in sulphacentamide disposition kinetics could be explained in part by delay in gastrointestinal absorption of the drug. Contrary to what was observed after oral administration, constantly higher drug concentrations were found in the plasma of tumor-bearing rats after iv injection of sulphacetamide. Furthermore, the half-life of sulphacetamide in these same animals was much higher than in control animals. It is concluded that, in Walker tumor-bearing rats, there are changes in the kinetics of sulphacetamide which are functions of the route of administration of the drug.

Authors: D. Nadeau, C. Marchand

Date Published: 1st Nov 1975

Publication Type: Journal

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